1 |
Lauretti et al. [2] |
2017 |
22/M |
Italy |
A giant pituitary adenoma, post-resection CSF leak |
Post-neurosurgical meningitis |
XDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
Chemical ventriculitis, myelitis (CST) |
IV, 100 mg/q12 hr; IVT, 2 mg/(q24–12 hr) |
IVT, 45; 1 month from the restart of the IVT IV, 14; IVT, 14 |
CST IVT, 120,000/q12 hr; MEP IV, 2 g/q8 hr; VAN IV, 1 g/q12 hr |
Improved |
75 |
2 |
Fang et al. [3] |
2017 |
50/M |
China |
Craniocerebral injury |
Post-neurosurgical meningitis |
XDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 100 mg/q12 hr; IVT, 3–4 mg/q12 hr |
IV, 14; ITV, 14 |
CES IV, 3 g/q12 hr |
Improved |
14 |
3 |
Wang et al. [4] |
2017 |
45/M |
China |
|
Post-lumbar puncture meningitis |
MDRAB |
NR (Kirby-Bauer antibiotic test, 17 mm) |
1 mg/mL |
None |
IV, 50 mg q12 hr; IVT, 10 mg q12 hr |
IV, 7 (discontinued before starting IVT TGC); IVT, 6 |
None |
Improved |
6 |
4 |
Long et al. [5] |
2018 |
55/M |
India |
Intracerebellar hemorrhage, CSF leak, hydrocephalus, EVD |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
MDRAB |
16 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 100 mg q12; IVT, 4 mg/day |
IV, 14; CVI, 14; IVT, 3 |
CES IV, 2 g/q8 hr |
Improved |
12 |
5 |
Tsolaki et al. [6] |
2018 |
55/F |
Greece |
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage |
Post-neurosurgical VM |
MDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 100 mg q12 yr; IVT, 4 mg/day |
IV TGC, 14; IVT TGC, 15; IVT CST, 22 |
IVT CST, 250 ×103 IU qd |
Improved |
4 |
6 |
Tsolaki et al. [6] |
2018 |
50/M |
Greece |
Intraventricular mass resection, cerebral edema, EVD |
Post-neurosurgical VM |
MDRAB |
1 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, NR; IVT |
IV TGC, 15; IVT TGC, 15; IVT CST, 30 |
CST, 250 ×103 IU qd |
Improved |
5 |
7 |
Tsolaki et al. [6] |
2018 |
48/M |
Greece |
Cerebellum spontaneous hemorrhage, EVD |
Post-neurosurgical VM |
MDRKP |
NR |
NR |
None |
IV, NR; IVT |
IV TGC, 9; IVT TGC, 9; IVT CST, 11 |
CST, 125 ×103 IU qd |
Improved |
3 |
8 |
Liu et al. [7] |
2018 |
70/F |
China |
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
XDRAB |
≤1 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 50 mg q12 hr; IVT, 2 mg q12 yr |
IV TGC, 16; IVT TGC, 10 |
CES IV, 3 g/q8 hr |
Improved |
10 |
9 |
Wu et al. [8] |
2018 |
67/M |
China |
Cerebral hemorrhage, EVD |
Post-neurosurgical meningitis |
MDRKP |
NR |
The trough concentrations of TGC in CSF for the three different dosages of TGC IV-ICV combined administration were 0.313, 1.290, and 2.886 mg/L for 40 mg IV/10 mg ICV, 45 mg IV/5 mg ICV, and 50 mg IV/1 mg ICV TGC, respectively |
None |
IV, 45 mg q12 hr, 40 mg q12 hr; IVT, 1 mg q12 hr, 5 mg q12 hr, 10 mg q12 hr |
NR |
TMP/SMX 480 mg q12 hr per os |
Improved |
42 |
10 |
Curebal et al. [9] |
2018 |
28 days/M |
Turkey |
Congenital hydrocephalus, VPS placement |
VPS infection |
MDRAB |
1 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 1.2 mg/kg/day; IVT, 4 mg/day |
IV TGC, 24; IVT TGC, 14 |
MEP IV, 120 mg/kg/day for 34 days |
Died after the 1st month of discharge, because of pneumonia and sepsis. Blood culture was positive for XDRAB sensitive for colistin. TGC MIC value was 16 μg/mL |
7 |
After three negative CSF the patient was discharged |
IVT AMK, 30 mg/ day for 10 days discontinued before starting IVT TGC |
11 |
Pratheep et al. [10] |
2019 |
Baby born at 27 wk gestation |
India |
Baby was born to a mother with prelabor premature rupture of membranes. At birth, baby had respiratory distress |
Ventriculitis |
XDRAB |
NR |
NR |
None |
IVT, 3 mg/day |
IVT TGC, 2 wk |
IVT CST, 5 mg/day for 4 wk |
Improved |
14 |
12 |
Deng et al. [11] |
2019 |
17/M |
China |
Tuberculous meningitis |
Post-neurosurgery intracranial infection |
XDRAB |
1 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV,47.5 mg q12 hr; IVT, 4 mg q12 hr (after 4 days the clinical pharmacist advised changing from IVT to TGC ITC infusions; 4 mg daily) |
IV TGC, 39; IVT TGC, 39 |
IV FOS, 4 g q8 hr; IV CES, 3 g q8 hr; after 4 days changed to IV MEP 2 g every q8 hr |
Improved |
39 |
13 |
Soto-Hernández et al. [12] |
2019 |
38/M |
México |
Recent review of VPS. Hydrocephalus after cryptococcal meningitis in HIV+ |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
MDRKO |
<2 μg/mL |
Peak concentrations achieved at 2 hr after the dose of between 178 and 310 μg/mL |
None |
IVT, 5 mg q24 hr |
IVT TGC, 11 |
MEP, 6 g qd; AMK 15 mg/kg/day |
Improved |
3 |
14 |
Zhong et al. [13] |
2020 |
33/M |
China |
Severe craniocerebral trauma |
Post-neurosurgical intracranial infection |
XDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
Hepatic toxicity, no neurotoxic side effects |
IV, 100 mg/q12 hr; IVT, 5 mg/q12 hr |
IV TGC, 100 mg q12 hr for 7; IVT TGC, 5 mg q12 hr for 7 |
Sequential use of POLB IV, 100 mg q12 hr IV, POLB IVT, 10 mg qd, changed to qod × 2 wk IVT 4 days later |
Improved |
7 (after starting IV/IVT POLB) |
During the 7 days of the use IV/IVT TGC, CSF cellular and biochemical CSF markers improved; however, XDRAB was still present. |
15 |
Abdallah et al. [14] |
2020 |
53/M |
Saudi Arabia |
Cerebral hemorrhage in DM and uncontrolled hypertension |
Post-neurosurgical meningitis and ventriculitis |
MDRAB |
4 μg/mL (intermediate susceptibility) |
NR |
After 8 hr of administering the first dose of IVT TGC, the patient developed myoclonic seizures for 4 min |
IVT, TGC 2 mg q12 hr |
IV TGC, 22; IVT TGC, 14; IV MEP, 24; IV TMP-SMX, 19 |
High-dose tigecycline (200-mg IV stat dose followed by 100-mg IV q12 hr), TMP/SMX (1,920-mg IV q6 hr) |
Improved |
14 (after starting IVT TGC) |
16 |
Li et al. [15] |
2021 |
68/M |
China |
Decompressive craniectomy and evacuation of traumatic cerebellar hematoma |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
MDRAB |
NR |
NR |
None |
IV, 50 mg q12 hr +; CVI, 4 mg q24 hr (in 50 mL of NS, at a rate of 12.5 mL/hr at a frequency of q6 hr) |
IV TGC + CVI, 3; IV TGC + IVT, 7 |
|
Improved |
10 (after starting IV + CVI), |
After 3 days: IV, 50 mg q12 day + IVT, 2 mg in 4 mL of NS in 2 min at a frequency of q8 hr |
7 (after starting IV + IVT) |
17 |
Huang et al. [16] |
2022 |
16/F |
China |
Craniotomy for resection of vestibular schwannomas |
Post-neurosurgery meningitis |
XDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 50 mg q12 hr; IVT, 5 mg q24 days |
IV TGC + IVT TGC, 4 wk |
IV CES, 3 g q8 days for 4 wk |
Improved |
4 wk |
18 |
Huang et al. [16] |
2022 |
80/M |
China |
Craniotomy for removal of frontal meningiomas |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
XDRAB |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 50 mg q12 hr; IVT, 5 mg q24 days |
IV TGC + IVT TGC, 10 |
IV CES, 3 g q8 days for 10 days |
Improved |
10 |
19 |
Li et al. [17] |
2022 |
57/M |
China |
Hematoma removal after craniocerebral injury |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
CRKP |
2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 100 mg qd; IVT, 3 mg q12 hr |
14 |
IVT AMK, 0.8 g IV + 30 mg IVT qd |
Improved |
14 |
20 |
Wang et al. [18] |
2022 |
53/M |
China |
Suboccipital decompression for an acute cerebellar infarction |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
CRKP |
0.5 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IVT, 5 mg q12 days |
IVT TGC, 6 (after intracerebroventricular injection of POLIB) |
IV CAZ/AVI, 2.5 g + MAP, 2 g q 8 dahs |
Improved |
6 (22nd day of hospitalization) |
21 |
Li et al. [19] |
2022 |
31/M |
China |
Ventricular drainage performed subarachnoid hemorrhage |
Post-neurosurgical ventriculitis |
XDRAB |
≤2 μg/mL |
NR |
None |
IV, 100 mg q12 hr combined with IVT 5 mg qd |
IVT TGC + IVT TGC, 33 |
IV MEP, 2 g IV q8 hr; VAN, 1 g q12 hr; IVT POLB, 50,000 IU qd |
Improved |
33 (after IV + IVT TGC), |
29 (after IVT POLB) |